Adam

this is the video on little Hitler [] 27/1/10 These sites with information on the relationship between population growth and the increase in pressure on food. http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu22we/uu22we09.htm Food shortage occurs when food supplies within a bounded region do not provide the energy and nutrients needed by that region's population. Even when it is when not enough food production that causes the shortfall the are reasons for production problems vary widely from political to ecological. Nevertheless, during any year in which enough calories are produced on a global level to meet the energy requirements of the entire population, food shortages can still occur under two situations. If the patterning of production directs too many calories into animals instead of humans, some enjoy meat while others lack calories. Alternatively, overemphasis on production of calories may jeopardize the production of other protein- or micronutrient-rich foods that also enter into the calculus of global food security or shortage.

Both are production as well as distribution issues. Although global food production has kept pace with world population growth, the rate of population growth has outstripped the rate of growth in food production significantly in some developing regions, and caused per capita food availability in these regions to decline. Per capita food availability has remained relatively constant in food-deficit regions and countries, primarily owing to food imports acquired through trade or aid. High fertility combined with underdeveloped agricultural technology and infrastructure, plus high incidence of natural disasters and civil disorder cause food shortages.Global and even regional food availability estimates hide important variations in food self-sufficiency of individual countries. Food-shortages are the result of physical and biological factors, sociocultural influences, political-economic forces, and interactions among these elements.

Homework 24/1/10 World population continues to increase. With current world population now over 6 billion people,[|4], [|52] there is significant pressure for excess population to migrate from more densely populated countries to those less populated. || || The top line of the following graph shows actual U.S. population from 1970 to 1993, and the U.S. Census Bureau "medium projection" of total population size from 1994 to 2050.[|2] It assumes fertility, mortality, and mass immigration levels will remain similar to 1993. In fact, overall immigration has continued to rise significantly, meaning that population growth will actually be higher than shown below.[|31] ||
 * ===World population growth===
 * [[image:pop_groth.gif]]
 * ===U.S. population growth===
 * [[image:us_pop_groth.gif]]

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau; demographer Leon Bouvier[|11] Roy Beck, Numbers USA ||


 * The green lower portion of the graph represents growth from 1970 Americans and their descendants. There were 203 million people living in the U.S. in 1970. The projection of growth in 1970-stock Americans and their descendants from 1994 to 2050 is based on recent native-born fertility and mortality rates. This growth would occur despite below replacement-level fertility rates because of [|population momentum], where today's children will grow up to have their own children. This segment of Americans is on track to peak at 247 million in 2030 and then gradually decline.[|11]

The red upper portion of the graph represents the difference between the number of 1970-stock Americans and the total population. The tens of millions of people represented by this block are the immigrants who have arrived, or are projected to arrive, since 1970, plus their descendents, minus deaths. They are projected to comprise 70% of all U.S. population growth between 1993 and 2050[|33]. ||

History shows the U.S. has traditionally allowed relatively small numbers to immigrate, thus allowing for decades of assimilation. After the peak of about 8.7 million in the first decade of the 20th century (the "great wave"), numbers went steadily down. Immigration averaged //only 195,000 per year// from 1921 through 1970![|40] ||
 * ===Immigration numbers===
 * [[image:us_imm_pop_groth.gif]]

Average 195,000 per year from 1921-1970 ||
 * Projections and graph courtesy [|Population Environment Balance], Sources: U.S. Census Bureau[|2]; Statistical Yearbook[|40], Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services


 * It is helpful to put current immigration statistics in perspective. With the change in immigration law in 1965, mass immigration levels have drifted upward from 250,000 per year to over 1 million per year. In other words, in one year we accept a number equal to what we formerly took in five years; in two years what took a decade, etc. In response to such concerns a national bipartisan committee headed by the late Barbara Jordan concluded that the numbers should be reduced.[|45], [|46], [|47] A recently released RAND report[|41] recommends that the level be reduced.

It is interesting to see how this plays out in the real world. According to journalist Roy Beck, in California it is necessary to construct a new classroom every hour of the day, 24 hours per day 365 days of the year to accommodate immigrant children. The financial cost is borne by native households, who according to a National Academy of Science report, pay an additional $1200 per year in taxes because of mass immigration.[|42] Even so, the primary concern to environmentalists and Sierra Club members is the tremendous //environmental// impact that will be incurred as a consequence of continued U.S. population growth. ||

U.S. overimmigration does not relieve overpopulation problems in third-world countries. Over 4.9 billion people live in countries poorer than Mexico.[|43] Each year the populations of the world's impoverished nations grow by tens of millions. Mexico grows by 2.5 million per year, Latin America by 9.3 million, South America by 5.4 million, and China by 8.3 million.[|4] U.S. overimmigration cannot have any significant affect on this number, even at current high mass immigration levels of over 1,000,000 per year.
 * ===Can not solve third-world population problems===

Exponential growth
U.S. population is projected to double.[|2] Although current population growth rates are not strictly exponential, an analysis of //exponential growth//[|44] reveals how quickly a population can grow. Exponential growth is like compound interest. With 1% growth rate, population will double in 70 years, a 2% growth rate will cause doubling in 35 years, 10% in 10 years. (Divide 70 by the percentage number to get the approximate doubling time). U.S. population has grown by 1.2% per year over the last 50 years. This "low" growth rate means **it has taken only 58 years for our population to double**. We can expect this doubling to continue, drastically magnified by the impact of unrealistically high levels of mass immigration. ||

Increase ** || ** Years Required to Double Population ** ||
 * ** Rate of Population
 * 0.01% || 6,930 ||
 * 0.1% || 693 ||
 * 0.5% || 139 ||
 * **1.0%** || **70** ||
 * 1.5% || 47 ||
 * **2.0%** || **35** ||
 * 2.5% || 28 ||
 * 2.8% || 25 ||
 * 3.0% || 23 ||
 * 3.5% || 20 ||
 * 4.0% || 18 ||

For a more thorough explanation of exponential growth and doubling times, see Exponential Growth and The Rule of 70[|44]. || The immigration share of U.S. population growth rises continuously as births to recent immigrants are added to the annual flow of new arrivals. The usually reported numbers reflect annual flow. But this flow does not fully represent the impact of mass immigration on population size because the downstream effects, i.e., family formation and births, are ignored.
 * ===Overimmigration Caused 60% of U.S. Population Growth===

Total immigration impact is annual immigration plus births to the foreign born minus deaths and emigration of immigrants. The native-born account is births minus deaths and emigration of this sector. Annual population growth is the sum of the immigrant and native born accounts. These calculations for the year 1994, using National Center for Health Statistics (1996) figures on births and deaths[|14] and Center for Immigration Studies (1995) figures on immigration, yield startling results. The foreign born are about ten percent of the population but had over 18 percent of births. Mass immigration and children born to the foreign-born sector, in 1994, accounted for a net increase of 1.6 million persons, or sixty percent, of the United States' annual population growth. ||


 * **1994 Category** || **Native Born** || **Foreign Born** || **Total** ||
 * Immigration || 0 || 1,206,000 || 1,206,000 ||
 * Births || 3,264,505 || 731,262 || 3,995,767 ||
 * Deaths || -2,074,136 || -204,858 || -2,278,994 ||
 * Emigration || -125,000 || -125,000 || (Est.) -250,000 ||
 * Population Growth || l,065,369 || 1,607,404 || 2,672,773 ||
 * Percentage Share || 40% || 60% || 100% ||

Although the overall number of legal immigrants into the U.S. is readily available, there is no easy answer to the numbers authorized in each legal immigrant category. Despite much effort, no statement has been found that explains the number of immigrants that legally may be admitted to the U.S. each year. Even the 1994 U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform, chaired by Barbara Jordan, produced no such statement.[|45], [|46], [|47] The difficulty arises because the numbers vary from year to year due to a mixture of statutory law, administrative procedures, and prior year admissions. The following table presents current data as accurately as possible, and includes the Jordan Commission's recommendations.[|45], [|46], [|47] ||
 * Analysis [|Carrying Capacity Network], and Dr. Virginia Abernathy. ||
 * ===Confusion About Numbers===

Category** || **1996 U.S. Admissions** || **Current Legal Limits** || **Jordan Commission Recommended** ||
 * **Legal Immigrant
 * Family sponsored || 596,264 || Limits are "pierceable" || 400,000 ||
 * Employment-based || 117,499 || About 140,000 || 100,000 ||
 * Diversity programs || 58,790 || About 55,000 || - ||
 * Refugee adjustments || 118,528 || About 125,000 +/- 25,000 || 50,000 ||
 * Asylee adjustments || 10,037 || No practical limit || ? ||
 * Other || 14,598 || 20,000+ || ? ||
 * **Total** || **915,900** ||  || **550,000** + ||

Additional data: Federation for American Immigration Reform[|38] ||
 * Analysis courtesy Colorado Population Coalition
 * For all practical purposes, the U.S. does //not// have overall limits on mass immigration, and this is a major reason why the numbers have grown, and will continue to grow, and why the issue needs to be addressed. Rather, the numbers result from the wide range of //adult// "extended family reunification" categories that have no limits on them. Historically, in the past there were some "caps" included in immigration expansion legislation, but these caps were "pierceable" if the need arose, and since the need always arose, these caps turned out to be meaningless.

Categories, to the extent they exist, are few and small, and are not intended to limit mass immigration, but rather to ensure that certain nationalities that were being squeezed out by the extended family/clan "family reunification" onslaught, have some access to immigration.

This is not to say that a focus on categories or quotas - ratios of categories - is more important than a focus on overall numbers. Quotas aren't an environmental issue, they are a social and legislative issue, and indeed, quotas haven't been implemented for years. The //proportion// of immigrants allowed under law to enter into the U.S. is not an environmental issue, and there is no reason for environmentalists and the Sierra Club to become involved in this social issue. There //is//, however, clear reason for environmentalists and the Sierra Club to be concerned with overpopulation as a fundamental environmental issue, and to address both of its causes: increase from natural births and overall immigration numbers. ||

[]

growth rate (%)** ||
 * 2005-2010 List by the [|United Nations]**
 * **Rank** || **Country** || **Population
 * 1 || [|Liberia] || 4.50 ||
 * 2 || [|Burundi] || 3.90 ||
 * 3 || [|Afghanistan] || 3.85 ||
 * 4 || [|Western Sahara] || 3.72 ||
 * 5 || [|East Timor] || 3.50 ||
 * 6 || [|Niger] || 3.49 ||
 * 7 || [|Eritrea] || 3.24 ||
 * 8 || [|Uganda] || 3.24 ||
 * 9 || [|Democratic Republic of the Congo] || 3.22 ||
 * 10 || [|Palestinian territories] || 3.18 ||
 * 11 || [|Jordan] || 3.04 ||
 * 12 || [|Mali] || 3.02 ||
 * 13 || [|Benin] || 3.02 ||
 * 14 || [|Guinea-Bissau] || 2.98 ||
 * 15 || [|Yemen] || 2.97 ||
 * 16 || [|Somalia] || 2.92 ||
 * 17 || [|Burkina Faso] || 2.89 ||
 * 18 || [|Chad] || 2.88 ||
 * 19 || [|United Arab Emirates] || 2.85 ||
 * 20 || [|Angola] || 2.78 ||
 * 21 || [|Rwanda] || 2.76 ||
 * 22 || [|Madagascar] || 2.66 ||
 * 23 || [|Kenya] || 2.65 ||
 * 24 || [|Togo] || 2.65 ||
 * 25 || [|Gambia] || 2.63 ||
 * 26 || [|Malawi] || 2.57 ||
 * 27 || [|Mauritania] || 2.53 ||
 * 28 || [|Syria] || 2.52 ||
 * 29 || [|Ethiopia] || 2.51 ||
 * 30 || [|Tanzania] || 2.47 ||
 * 31 || [|Guatemala] || 2.47 ||
 * 32 || [|Senegal] || 2.46 ||
 * 33 || [|Comoros][|[3]] || 2.46 ||
 * 34 || [|Kuwait] || 2.44 ||
 * 35 || [|French Guiana] || 2.41 ||
 * 36 || [|Equatorial Guinea] || 2.38 ||
 * 37 || [|Vanuatu] || 2.38 ||
 * 38 || [|Solomon Islands] || 2.33 ||
 * 39 || [|Nigeria] || 2.27 ||
 * 40 || [|Saudi Arabia] || 2.24 ||
 * 41 || [|Cape Verde] || 2.23 ||
 * 42 || [|Marshall Islands] || 2.23 ||
 * 43 || [|Sudan] || 2.22 ||
 * 44 || [|Guinea] || 2.16 ||
 * 45 || [|Republic of the Congo] || 2.11 ||
 * 46 || [|Qatar] || 2.11 ||
 * 47 || [|Belize] || 2.08 ||
 * 48 || [|Brunei] || 2.05 ||
 * 49 || [|Sierra Leone] || 2.04 ||
 * 50 || [|American Samoa] || 2.01 ||
 * 51 || [|Papua New Guinea] || 2.00 ||
 * 52 || [|Cameroon] || 2.00 ||
 * 53 || [|Ghana] || 1.99 ||
 * 54 || [|Oman] || 1.97 ||
 * 55 || [|Nepal] || 1.97 ||
 * 56 || [|Libya] || 1.97 ||
 * 57 || [|Honduras] || 1.95 ||
 * 58 || [|Mozambique] || 1.95 ||
 * 59 || [|Northern Mariana Islands] || 1.95 ||
 * 60 || [|Zambia] || 1.91 ||
 * 61 || [|Djibouti] || 1.90 ||
 * 62 || [|Pakistan] || 1.84 ||
 * 63 || [|Cote d'Ivoire] || 1.84 ||
 * 64 || [|Iraq] || 1.84 ||
 * 65 || [|Central African Republic] || 1.83 ||
 * 66 || [|Paraguay] || 1.80 ||
 * 67 || [|Bahrain] || 1.79 ||
 * 68 || [|Bolivia] || 1.77 ||
 * 69 || [|Ireland] || 1.77 ||
 * 70 || [|Maldives] || 1.76 ||
 * 71 || [|Egypt] || 1.76 ||
 * 72 || [|Cambodia] || 1.74 ||
 * 73 || [|Laos] || 1.74 ||
 * 74 || [|Philippines] || 1.72 ||
 * 75 || [|Malaysia] || 1.69 ||
 * 76 || [|Bangladesh] || 1.67 ||
 * 77 || [|Venezuela] || 1.67 ||
 * 78 || [|Israel] || 1.66 ||
 * 79 || [|Panama] || 1.65 ||
 * 80 || [|Sao Tome and Principe] || 1.61 ||
 * 81 || [|Haiti] || 1.58 ||
 * 82 || [|Kiribati] || 1.58 ||
 * 83 || [|New Caledonia] || 1.54 ||
 * 84 || [|Tajikistan] || 1.51 ||
 * 85 || [|Algeria] || 1.51 ||
 * 86 || [|Cayman Islands] || 1.51 ||
 * 87 || [|Costa Rica] || 1.50 ||
 * 88 || [|Gabon] || 1.48 ||
 * 89 || [|Dominican Republic] || 1.47 ||
 * 90 || [|India] || 1.46 ||
 * 91 || [|Uzbekistan] || 1.44 ||
 * 92 || [|Bhutan] || 1.43 ||
 * 93 || [|Anguilla] || 1.41 ||
 * 94 || [|El Salvador] || 1.37 ||
 * 95 || [|Turks and Caicos Islands] || 1.37 ||
 * 96 || [|Iran] || 1.35 ||
 * 97 || [|Netherlands Antilles] || 1.33 ||
 * 98 || [|Vietnam] || 1.32 ||
 * 99 || [|Turkmenistan] || 1.32 ||
 * 100 || [|Namibia] || 1.32 ||
 * 101 || [|French Polynesia] || 1.31 ||
 * 102 || [|Nicaragua] || 1.31 ||
 * 103 || [|Guam] || 1.30 ||
 * 104 || [|Saint Kitts and Nevis] || 1.27 ||
 * 105 || [|Colombia] || 1.27 ||
 * 106 || [|Réunion] || 1.27 ||
 * 107 || [|Brazil] || 1.26 ||
 * 108 || [|Turkey] || 1.26 ||
 * 109 || [|Botswana] || 1.23 ||
 * 110 || [|Saint Helena][|[4]] || 1.23 ||
 * 111 || [|Morocco] || 1.20 ||
 * 112 || [|Bahamas] || 1.20 ||
 * 113 || [|Singapore] || 1.19 ||
 * **[|World]** || **1.17** ||
 * 114 || [|Indonesia] || 1.16 ||
 * 115 || [|Antigua and Barbuda] || 1.16 ||
 * 116 || [|Peru] || 1.15 ||
 * 117 || [|Montserrat] || 1.15 ||
 * 118 || [|Luxembourg] || 1.13 ||
 * 119 || [|British Virgin Islands] || 1.13 ||
 * 120 || [|Mexico] || 1.12 ||
 * 121 || [|Saint Lucia] || 1.12 ||
 * 122 || [|Kyrgyzstan] || 1.10 ||
 * 123 || [|Tunisia] || 1.08 ||
 * 124 || [|Ecuador] || 1.07 ||
 * 125 || [|Cyprus] || 1.06 ||
 * 126 || [|Lebanon] || 1.05 ||
 * 127 || [|Australia] || 1.01 ||
 * 128 || [|Chile] || 1.00 ||
 * 129 || [|Argentina] || 1.00 ||
 * 130 || [|Hong Kong] || 1.00 ||
 * 131 || [|United States] || 0.97 ||
 * 132 || [|Mongolia] || 0.96 ||
 * 133 || [|Zimbabwe] || 0.95 ||
 * 134 || [|Canada] || 0.90 ||
 * 135 || [|New Zealand] || 0.90[|[5]] ||
 * 136 || [|Liechtenstein] || 0.89 ||
 * 137 || [|Samoa] || 0.87 ||
 * 138 || [|Myanmar] || 0.85 ||
 * 139 || [|Iceland] || 0.84 ||
 * 140 || [|San Marino] || 0.81 ||
 * 141 || [|Mauritius] || 0.78 ||
 * 142 || [|Spain] || 0.77 ||
 * 143 || [|Azerbaijan] || 0.75 ||
 * 144 || [|Kazakhstan] || 0.71 ||
 * 145 || [|Macau] || 0.70 ||
 * 146 || [|Guadeloupe] || 0.68 ||
 * 147 || [|Faroe Islands] || 0.68 ||
 * 148 || [|Thailand] || 0.66 ||
 * 149 || [|Wallis and Futuna] || 0.66 ||
 * 150 || [|Lesotho] || 0.63 ||
 * 151 || [|Swaziland] || 0.63 ||
 * 152 || [|Norway] || 0.62 ||
 * 153 || [|Fiji] || 0.62 ||
 * 154 || [|Greenland] || 0.60 ||
 * 155 || [|Falkland Islands] || 0.59 ||
 * 156 || [|China][|[6]] || 0.58 ||
 * 157 || [|Albania] || 0.57 ||
 * 158 || [|Suriname] || 0.56 ||
 * 159 || [|South Africa] || 0.55 ||
 * 160 || [|Puerto Rico] || 0.55 ||
 * 161 || [|Jamaica] || 0.54 ||
 * 162 || [|Tonga] || 0.50 ||
 * 163 || [|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines] || 0.50 ||
 * 164 || [|France][|[7]] || 0.49 ||
 * 165 || [|Seychelles] || 0.49 ||
 * 166 || [|Sri Lanka] || 0.47 ||
 * 167 || [|Micronesia] || 0.46 ||
 * 168 || [|Sweden] || 0.45 ||
 * 169 || [|Malta] || 0.43 ||
 * 170 || [|United Kingdom] || 0.42 ||
 * 171 || [|Tuvalu] || 0.42 ||
 * 172 || [|Palau] || 0.41 ||
 * 173 || [|Switzerland] || 0.38 ||
 * 174 || [|Portugal] || 0.37 ||
 * 175 || [|Trinidad and Tobago] || 0.37 ||
 * 176 || [|Austria] || 0.36 ||
 * 177 || [|Andorra] || 0.36 ||
 * 178 || [|Taiwan][|[8]] || 0.36 ||
 * 179 || [|North Korea] || 0.34 ||
 * 180 || [|Monaco] || 0.33 ||
 * 181 || [|South Korea] || 0.33 ||
 * 182 || [|Barbados] || 0.32 ||
 * 183 || [|Finland] || 0.29 ||
 * 184 || [|Nauru] || 0.29 ||
 * 185 || [|Uruguay] || 0.29 ||
 * 186 || [|Martinique] || 0.28 ||
 * 187 || [|Bermuda] || 0.25 ||
 * 188 || [|Belgium] || 0.24 ||
 * 189 || [|Netherlands] || 0.21 ||
 * 190 || [|Greece] || 0.21 ||
 * 191 || [|Denmark] || 0.21 ||
 * 192 || [|Channel Islands][|[9]] || 0.19 ||
 * 193 || [|Bosnia and Herzegovina] || 0.13 ||
 * 194 || [|Italy] || 0.13 ||
 * 195 || [|Serbia] || 0.13 ||
 * 196 || [|Gibraltar] || 0.08 ||
 * 197 || [|Macedonia] || 0.08 ||
 * 198 || [|Saint Pierre and Miquelon] || 0.07 ||
 * 199 || [|Vatican City] || 0.05 ||
 * 200 || [|Isle of Man] || 0.04 ||
 * 201 || [|Slovakia] || 0.03 ||
 * 202 || [|Grenada] || 0.02 ||
 * 203 || [|Slovenia] || 0.01 ||
 * 204 || [|Aruba] || 0.01 ||
 * 205 || [|Pitcairn Islands] || 0.00 ||
 * 206 || [|Cuba] || -0.01 ||
 * 207 || [|Japan] || -0.02 ||
 * 208 || [|Tokelau] || -0.03 ||
 * 209 || [|United States Virgin Islands] || -0.03 ||
 * 210 || [|Czech Republic] || -0.03 ||
 * 211 || [|Germany] || -0.07 ||
 * 212 || [|Croatia] || -0.09 ||
 * 213 || [|Poland] || -0.15 ||
 * 214 || [|Armenia] || -0.21 ||
 * 215 || [|Guyana] || -0.22 ||
 * 216 || [|Montenegro] || -0.27 ||
 * 217 || [|Dominica] || -0.29 ||
 * 218 || [|Hungary] || -0.29 ||
 * 219 || [|Estonia] || -0.35 ||
 * 220 || [|Romania] || -0.45 ||
 * 221 || [|Russia] || -0.51 ||
 * 222 || [|Latvia] || -0.52 ||
 * 223 || [|Lithuania] || -0.53 ||
 * 224 || [|Belarus] || -0.55 ||
 * 225 || [|Bulgaria] || -0.72 ||
 * 226 || [|Ukraine] || -0.76 ||
 * 227 || [|Georgia] || -0.79 ||
 * 228 || [|Moldova] || -0.90 ||
 * 229 || [|Niue] || -1.85 ||
 * 230 || [|Cook Islands] || -2.23 ||

Extra The site bellow has more information from the UN [| http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=PopDiv&f=variableID%3A47] [|For info on how the data on the site above go to the site below] []